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Fort Okanogan
Fort Okanogan (also spelled Fort Okanagan) was founded in 1811 on the confluence of the Okanogan and Columbia Rivers as a fur trade outpost. Originally built for John Jacob Astor’s Pacific Fur Company, it was the first American-owned settlement within Washington State, located in what is now Okanogan County.〔Gulick, Bill. ''A Traveler's History of Washington''. Caxton Press, 1996. ISBN 0-87004-371-4. p. 339〕 The North West Company, the PFC's primary competitor, purchased its assets and posts in 1813. In 1821 the North West Company was merged into Hudson's Bay Company, which took over operation of Fort Okanogan as part of its Columbia District. The fort was an important stop on the York Factory Express trade route to London via Hudson Bay.
In 1846, the Oregon Treaty was ratified, ending the Oregon boundary dispute and the joint-occupation of Oregon Country, though the Hudson's Bay Company was allowed to continue use of the fort. However, due to the decline of the transport business in the area, the HBC abandoned the fort in June 1860.〔Tate, Cassandra. "(Fort Okanogan )". ''HistoryLink'' October 26, 2005. (June 24, 2008).〕〔 The fur post's primary use became transportation between other HBC posts, according to Lloyd Keith and William Brown found that "at no time after the amalgamation of the companies was any considerable amount of fur obtained there."〔Brown, William C. ''Old Fort Okanogan and the Okanogan Trail.'' The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society 15, No. 1 (1914), pp. 1-38〕
The site of the fort was flooded in 1967 by the reservoir Lake Pateros due to the construction of Wells Dam.〔
==Pacific Fur Company==
Fort Okanogan was planned by the PFC to compete against the interior stations of the North West Company such as Spokane House. PFC employees progressed up the Columbia River in 1811 accompanied by a NWC party led by David Thompson as far as the rapids at Celilo Falls. As PFC continued up the Columbia, trade goods of the NWC were found among inhabitants near Fort Okanogan's eventual location.〔Ross, Alexander. (''Adventures of the first settlers on the Oregon or Columbia River.'' ) London: Smith, Elder and Co. 1849, pp. 141-142.〕 A council with neighboring Okanagan leaders was commenced on 31 October by the PFC officers.〔 The Okanagan dignitaries agreed to maintain friendly relations with Pacific Fur employees, partake in the beaver trappings, provide security for the station and ensure its workers were always fed.〔 After the Fort had been erected, the working parties split into two. One group headed back to Astoria, the other north to travel the length of the Okanagan river.〔Ross (1849), pp. 145-148〕 Ross left at the fort with his "only civilized companion" being a dog he had purchased in Monterrey.〔 Nights were a constant source of worry for the lonely Ross, despite having several hundred "friendly inclined" natives encamped nearby performing sentry duties.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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